| Abstract | Diplomski rad temelji se na istraţivanju konzerviranja i restauriranja arheoloških metalnih predmeta, s posebnim naglaskom na predmete od ţeljeza i bakrenih slitina. Istraţivanje je usmjereno na procese propadanja metala nakon izlaganja tlu i nakon iskapanja, kao i na detaljne postupke konzervacije i restauracije kroz različite faze. Teorijski dio podijeljen je na općenite aspekte i specifične smjernice za ţeljezo, bakar i njihove slitine. Istaknut je značaj osnovnih uzročnika korozije poput raznih kemijskih i fizičkih čimbenika, prisutnosti vlage, zraka, pH vrijednosti, mikroorganizama i soli te navedena osnovna teorijska načela i mehanizmi korozijskih procesa. Navedene su i različite istraţivačke tehnike, uključujući neinvazivne i invazivne metode te instrumentalne analize, s ciljem determinacije izvornih materijala i korozijskih produkta te otkrivanja izvorne površine predmeta. Naglasak je stavljen na pojam izvorne površine kao najvrednijeg sloja koji sadrţi najbogatije informacije o predmetu. TakoĎer su istraţeni pseudomorfni ostaci ponekad prisutni na arheološkim metalnim predmetima, što dodatno doprinosi razumijevanju procesa očuvanja i restauracije s ciljem produljenja njihove dugovječnosti i zaštite povijesne vaţnosti. Praktični dio detaljno obraĎuje dva ţeljezna predmeta i više objekata izraĎenih od bakrenih slitina. Ţeljezni predmeti potječu iz istog groba i pripadaju latenskoj kulturi. Unatoč tome što su pokopani pod istim uvjetima, pristup konzervaciji i restauraciji nije bio u potpunosti isti. Predmeti od bakrenih slitina potječu iz paljevinskog groba iz rimskog perioda te se ističe njihova bolja očuvanost zahvaljujući većoj otpornosti bakra na koroziju. Različiti postupci konzervacije i restauracije, često primjenjivani na arheološkim predmetima od ţeljeza i bakrenih slitina, ilustrirani su ovim praktičnim primjerima. |
| Abstract (english) | This thesis is based on the research of conserving and restoring archaeological metal objects, with a special emphasis on items made of iron and copper alloys. The research is directed towards understanding the deterioration processes of metals after exposure to soil and post-excavation, as well as detailed procedures for conservation and restoration through various stages. The theoretical section is divided into general aspects and specific guidelines for iron, copper, and their alloys. The significance of primary corrosion factors such as various chemical and physical factors, the presence of moisture, air, pH value, microorganisms, and salts is highlighted, along with fundamental theoretical principles and mechanisms of corrosion processes. Various research techniques, including non-invasive and invasive methods, as well as instrumental analyses, are mentioned with the aim of determining the original materials and corrosion products and uncovering the original surface of the objects. The focus is placed on the concept of the original surface as the most valuable layer containing the richest information about the object. Pseudomorphic residues, sometimes present on archaeological metal objects, are also explored, further contributing to the understanding of preservation and restoration processes with the goal of extending their longevity and protecting their historical significance. The practical section thoroughly examines two iron objects and multiple objects made from copper alloys. The iron objects originate from the same grave and belong to the La tene culture. Despite being buried under the same conditions, the approach to conservation and restoration was not entirely the same. Objects made from copper alloys come from a cremation grave from the Roman period, and their better preservation is highlighted due to copper's higher resistance to corrosion. Different conservation and restoration procedures, often applied to archaeological objects made of iron and copper alloys, are illustrated through these practical examples. |
